Top questions with answers asked in MNC on Dot Net

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Dot Net interview questions along with their answers:

  1. What is .NET Framework, and what are its key components?
    • Answer:
      • .NET Framework is a software development platform developed by Microsoft that provides tools and libraries for building and running applications on Windows-based systems. Its key components include:
        • Common Language Runtime (CLR): The runtime environment that executes .NET applications, manages memory, handles exceptions, and provides features such as garbage collection and type safety.
        • Base Class Library (BCL): A collection of pre-built classes and APIs for common programming tasks, such as file I/O, networking, data access, and cryptography.
        • Framework Class Library (FCL): A set of reusable classes, interfaces, and components that provide building blocks for developing various types of applications, including desktop, web, and mobile applications.
        • Language Integrated Query (LINQ): A feature that enables developers to query and manipulate data using a unified syntax within programming languages such as C# and Visual Basic.
        • ASP.NET: A web development framework for building dynamic web applications and services using technologies such as Web Forms, MVC (Model-View-Controller), and Web API.
  2. What is the difference between .NET Framework, .NET Core, and .NET 5?
    • Answer:
      • .NET Framework: .NET Framework is the original implementation of the .NET platform, primarily targeting Windows-based systems. It includes the full set of libraries and APIs for building desktop, web, and server applications but is limited to Windows environments.
      • .NET Core: .NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source implementation of .NET that supports building and running applications on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It is optimized for cloud-native and microservices architectures, with a modular and lightweight runtime and support for containerization.
      • .NET 5: .NET 5 is the successor to both .NET Framework and .NET Core, merging the best features of both into a single unified platform. It provides cross-platform support like .NET Core and includes additional improvements and enhancements for performance, compatibility, and developer productivity. .NET 5 represents the future direction of the .NET platform, with ongoing updates and support from Microsoft.
  3. What is C# (C Sharp), and why is it used in .NET development?
    • Answer:
      • C# (pronounced as “C sharp”) is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative. It is designed for building a wide range of applications, including desktop, web, mobile, and cloud-based applications, that run on the .NET platform. C# combines the power and flexibility of C and C++ with the simplicity and productivity of modern languages like Java. It provides features such as strong typing, garbage collection, exception handling, LINQ (Language Integrated Query), async/await asynchronous programming, and extensive standard libraries, making it a popular choice for .NET development.
  4. What is ASP.NET, and how does it differ from ASP.NET Core?
    • Answer:
      • ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web development framework for building dynamic web applications and services using the .NET Framework. It supports various programming models such as Web Forms, MVC (Model-View-Controller), and Web API, and provides features for server-side processing, state management, authentication, and authorization. ASP.NET applications typically run on Windows-based servers and are tightly integrated with IIS (Internet Information Services).
      • ASP.NET Core: ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source web development framework that is part of the .NET Core platform. It provides a lightweight and modular runtime optimized for cloud-native and microservices architectures. ASP.NET Core supports building modern web applications using MVC, Razor Pages, and Web API, and it offers features such as dependency injection, middleware pipeline, and built-in support for hosting and deployment on Windows, macOS, and Linux environments. ASP.NET Core applications are self-contained and can run on any platform without requiring dependencies on IIS.
  5. What are the advantages of using .NET for enterprise application development?
    • Answer:
      • Platform independence: .NET Core and .NET 5 provide cross-platform support, enabling developers to build and deploy applications on Windows, macOS, and Linux environments.
      • Performance: .NET applications benefit from the performance improvements and optimizations introduced in .NET Core and .NET 5, such as faster startup times, reduced memory footprint, and enhanced runtime performance.
      • Security: .NET offers built-in security features and mechanisms for securing applications, including authentication, authorization, encryption, and protection against common security vulnerabilities.
      • Developer productivity: .NET provides a rich set of tools, libraries, and frameworks that streamline application development, such as Visual Studio IDE, Entity Framework ORM (Object-Relational Mapping), and ASP.NET Core MVC framework.
      • Scalability and maintainability: .NET applications are designed to scale with business needs and maintain performance and reliability under high loads. The modular and component-based architecture of .NET promotes code reuse, maintainability, and extensibility, making it easier to manage and evolve enterprise applications over time.