Advanced Java Struts interview questions along with their answers:
- What is the Struts Framework, and what are its main components?
- Answer: The Struts Framework is an open-source framework for developing web applications in Java. Its main components include:
- Controller: The Controller in Struts is responsible for handling client requests and invoking appropriate business logic or processing actions. In Struts, the
Actionclass serves as the controller component. - Model: The Model represents the application’s data and business logic. In Struts, the Model is typically represented by JavaBeans or POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects).
- View: The View is responsible for rendering the user interface and presenting data to the user. In Struts, JSP (JavaServer Pages) or FreeMarker templates are commonly used as view components.
- Form: The Form represents the user input and encapsulates request parameters or form data submitted by the client. In Struts, the
ActionFormclass serves as the form component.
- Controller: The Controller in Struts is responsible for handling client requests and invoking appropriate business logic or processing actions. In Struts, the
- Answer: The Struts Framework is an open-source framework for developing web applications in Java. Its main components include:
- What is the difference between ActionServlet and DispatcherServlet in Struts?
- Answer:
- ActionServlet: ActionServlet is the central controller component in Struts 1.x Framework responsible for receiving client requests, processing actions, and dispatching to appropriate handlers. It acts as the front controller and manages the overall request processing lifecycle, including validation, data binding, and navigation handling.
- DispatcherServlet: DispatcherServlet is the central controller component in the Spring MVC Framework responsible for handling client requests, dispatching to appropriate handlers (controllers), and managing the overall request processing lifecycle. Unlike ActionServlet in Struts, DispatcherServlet is part of the Spring Framework and provides more flexibility and extensibility for building web applications using Spring MVC.
- Answer:
- What is the Struts Action class, and how is it used in Struts applications?
- Answer: The Struts Action class is a controller component responsible for processing client requests and encapsulating application-specific business logic or processing logic. It serves as the handler for incoming requests and is responsible for executing the necessary business operations, such as retrieving data from the database, performing business validations, and coordinating interactions between the model and view components. In Struts, the Action class typically extends the
org.apache.struts.action.Actionbase class and implements theexecute()method, which contains the main processing logic for the action.
- Answer: The Struts Action class is a controller component responsible for processing client requests and encapsulating application-specific business logic or processing logic. It serves as the handler for incoming requests and is responsible for executing the necessary business operations, such as retrieving data from the database, performing business validations, and coordinating interactions between the model and view components. In Struts, the Action class typically extends the
- What is the role of ActionForm in Struts, and how is it used to handle form data?
- Answer: ActionForm is a component in Struts Framework used to represent HTML form data submitted by the client and encapsulate request parameters into Java objects. It acts as a bridge between the user interface (HTML forms) and the application’s business logic, providing a convenient way to handle and process form data. ActionForm classes in Struts typically extend the
org.apache.struts.action.ActionFormbase class and define properties corresponding to form fields. During request processing, Struts automatically populates ActionForm instances with request parameters, making form data accessible to the application’s business logic.
- Answer: ActionForm is a component in Struts Framework used to represent HTML form data submitted by the client and encapsulate request parameters into Java objects. It acts as a bridge between the user interface (HTML forms) and the application’s business logic, providing a convenient way to handle and process form data. ActionForm classes in Struts typically extend the
- What are the main features of Struts 2 Framework, and how does it differ from Struts 1.x?
- Answer: Struts 2 is the next generation of the Struts Framework, providing a more modern and flexible architecture for building web applications. Some of the main features of Struts 2 include:
- Simplified Configuration: Struts 2 uses XML-based or annotation-based configuration, providing a more intuitive and flexible configuration mechanism compared to the verbose XML configuration used in Struts 1.x.
- POJO-Based Actions: Struts 2 supports Plain Old Java Object (POJO) actions, allowing developers to use simple Java classes as action handlers without the need to extend specific framework classes.
- Interceptors: Struts 2 introduces interceptors, which provide a powerful mechanism for pre-processing and post-processing requests, enabling cross-cutting concerns such as logging, validation, and security to be applied uniformly across multiple actions.
- Expression Language (OGNL): Struts 2 uses Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) for accessing and manipulating data in the view layer, providing a powerful and expressive syntax for working with complex object graphs.
- Built-in AJAX Support: Struts 2 provides built-in support for AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) interactions, allowing developers to create dynamic and interactive web applications without writing JavaScript code manually.
- Answer: Struts 2 is the next generation of the Struts Framework, providing a more modern and flexible architecture for building web applications. Some of the main features of Struts 2 include: