What is a database system? The collection of database and DBMS software together is known as a database system. Through the database system, we can perform many activities such as- The data can be stored in the database with ease, and there are no issues of data redundancy and data inconsistency. The data will be extracted from the database using DBMS software whenever required. So, the combination of database and DBMS software enables one to store, retrieve and access data…

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Inconsistent Not secure Data redundancy Difficult in accessing data Data isolation Data integrity Concurrent access is not possible Limited data sharing Atomicity problem The disadvantages of file processing systems include: Data Redundancy: In a file processing system, data redundancy is common because the same data may be duplicated in multiple files. This redundancy can lead to inconsistencies and increased storage requirements. Data Inconsistency: Since there is no centralized control over data in file processing systems, it’s challenging to ensure consistency…

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The entity set specifies the collection of all entities of a particular entity type in the database. An entity set is known as the set of all the entities which share the same properties. For example, a set of people, a set of students, a set of companies, etc. An entity set in the context of a database management system (DBMS) is a collection of similar types of entities. An entity, in this context, represents a real-world object or concept…

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The 2-Tier architecture is the same as basic client-server. In the two-tier architecture, applications on the client end can directly communicate with the database at the server side. In a 2-tier architecture for a database management system (DBMS), there are two layers or tiers involved: the client tier and the server tier. Client Tier: This is where the user interface resides. It interacts directly with the end-user and sends requests to the server tier for processing. The client tier is…

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What is functional Dependency? Functional Dependency is the starting point of normalization. It exists when a relation between two attributes allow you to determine the corresponding attribute’s value uniquely. The functional dependency is also known as database dependency and defines as the relationship which occurs when one attribute in a relation uniquely determines another attribute. It is written as A->B which means B is functionally dependent on A. Explain ACID properties ACID properties are some basic rules, which has to…

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Data abstraction in DBMS is a process of hiding irrelevant details from users. Because database systems are made of complex data structures so, it makes accessible the user interaction with the database. For example: We know that most of the users prefer those systems which have a simple GUI that means no complex processing. So, to keep the user tuned and for making the access to the data easy, it is necessary to do data abstraction. In addition to it,…

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An extension of an entity type is specified as a collection of entities of a particular entity type that are grouped into an entity set. In the context of a database management system (DBMS), an extension of an entity type refers to the instances or occurrences of that entity type. For example, if you have an entity type “Employee,” the extension of this entity type would be the actual employees in a company database, each representing a distinct instance of…

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The 3-Tier architecture contains another layer between the client and server. Introduction of 3-tier architecture is for the ease of the users as it provides the GUI, which, make the system secure and much more accessible. In this architecture, the application on the client-end interacts with an application on the server which further communicates with the database system.

What is data abstraction in DBMS? Data abstraction in DBMS is a process of hiding irrelevant details from users. Because database systems are made of complex data structures so, it makes accessible the user interaction with the database. For example: We know that most of the users prefer those systems which have a simple GUI that means no complex processing. So, to keep the user tuned and for making the access to the data easy, it is necessary to do data…

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DBMS is a collection of programs that facilitates users to create and maintain a database. In other words, DBMS provides us an interface or tool for performing different operations such as the creation of a database, inserting data into it, deleting data from it, updating the data, etc. DBMS is a software in which data is stored in a more secure way as compared to the file-based system. Using DBMS, we can overcome many problems such as- data redundancy, data…

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